Who was the leader of the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa and became its president?

The leader of the African National Congress (ANC) who became its president is Nelson Mandela. Mandela is a pivotal figure in South African history, renowned for his role in the struggle against apartheid, a system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination. His leadership of the ANC was marked by a commitment to non-violent resistance, although he also acknowledged the need for armed struggle during the early years of the anti-apartheid movement.

After spending 27 years in prison, Mandela was released in 1990 and became a symbol of the fight for justice and equality. In 1994, he led the ANC to victory in South Africa's first multiracial elections, becoming the country's first Black president. His presidency focused on reconciliation and nation-building, which was essential in healing the divisions created by apartheid.

In contrast, the other individuals listed in the choices do not have a connection to the ANC or the struggles in South Africa. Tocqueville was a French diplomat and political thinker known for his work on democracy in America; Lenin was a Russian revolutionary leader; and Hobbes was an English philosopher best known for his social contract theory. Their contributions lie in different historical contexts and intellectual domains.