Who founded the Communist Party in Russia and led the October Revolution?

The founder of the Communist Party in Russia and the leader of the October Revolution was Lenin. Vladimir Lenin played a pivotal role in the Bolshevik movement, which aimed to overthrow the Provisional Government that had taken power after the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II in early 1917. His leadership during the October Revolution in 1917 was instrumental in seizing power for the Bolsheviks.

Lenin's ideological framework and strategies laid the groundwork for the establishment of a one-party socialist state in Russia, which eventually spread across various countries. The October Revolution itself was marked by a series of events that culminated in the Bolsheviks' takeover of key government institutions, enabling them to implement their policies and consolidate power in the following years.

While the other figures listed—Gandhi, Mandela, and Orwell—were significant in their own rights, they were not involved in the Russian Revolution or the establishment of the Communist Party. Gandhi was a leader in the Indian independence movement, Mandela focused on the struggle against apartheid in South Africa, and Orwell was a writer and social critic known for his works that critique totalitarian regimes.