Which of the following best describes the European Enlightenment?

The European Enlightenment is best described as a movement emphasizing science and reason due to its foundational principles that promoted the use of rational thought, empirical evidence, and the scientific method as a means to gain knowledge and improve society. This period, spanning the late 17th to the 18th century, encouraged individuals to challenge established norms and beliefs, particularly those rooted in tradition and authority. Intellectuals such as Voltaire, John Locke, and Immanuel Kant argued for reason as the primary source of authority and legitimacy, leading to advancements in philosophy, politics, and the sciences.

Additionally, the Enlightenment emphasized individualism and skepticism of dogmatic beliefs, which fostered innovations in various fields such as mathematics, physics, and political theory. This era significantly influenced modern democratic thought and the development of human rights concepts, making a profound impact on contemporary society. Thus, recognizing the movement's focus on science and reason clearly captures its essence and contributions.