Which of the following best describes the Han Empire's governance structure?

The Han Empire's governance structure is best described as centralized with civil service exams. This centralized system allowed for a strong central authority that effectively managed the vast empire and provided a means for the government to recruit competent officials. The use of civil service exams was a significant innovation during the Han period, as it established a merit-based system for selecting bureaucrats. This process reduced the influence of aristocratic families and allowed individuals from various social backgrounds to serve in government positions based on their knowledge and abilities rather than their social status.

This meritocratic approach helped maintain stability and efficiency within the Han Empire, facilitating governance across its extensive territories. The focus on education and examination was a hallmark of the Han governance system, which not only contributed to the administration's effectiveness but also promoted Confucian ideals, emphasizing the importance of an educated elite in managing state affairs.