Which of the following amendments granted citizenship to African Americans?

The 14th Amendment is the correct answer because it was specifically designed to grant citizenship to all individuals born or naturalized in the United States, which included formerly enslaved African Americans. Ratified in 1868, this amendment sought to ensure equal protection under the law and to address the inequalities created by the Dred Scott decision of 1857, which had denied citizenship to African Americans.

While the 13th Amendment abolished slavery and the 15th Amendment aimed to protect voting rights regardless of race, it was the 14th Amendment that established citizenship. The 12th Amendment, on the other hand, deals with the election of the President and Vice President and does not pertain to citizenship or civil rights issues. Thus, the 14th Amendment plays a crucial role in the legal foundation for civil rights in the United States, particularly for African Americans.