Which case strengthened the power of the federal government in banking?

The case that strengthened the power of the federal government in banking is McCulloch vs. Maryland. This landmark Supreme Court decision, decided in 1819, affirmed the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the United States and reinforced the principle of federal supremacy over state laws.

In this case, the state of Maryland had attempted to impose a tax on the Bank of the United States, arguing that it was operating within their jurisdiction. The Supreme Court ruled that states could not tax the federal institution, emphasizing that the federal government had the authority to create a national bank under the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution. This decision established the precedent that federal law takes precedence over state law, which significantly broadened the scope of federal power, particularly in matters related to economic regulation and banking.

The other cases listed, while significant in their own right, do not pertain to banking or the federal government’s power in that domain. Marbury vs. Madison established the principle of judicial review, which allows courts to invalidate legislation and executive actions that are contrary to the Constitution. Plessy vs. Ferguson dealt with racial segregation and established the "separate but equal" doctrine, while Brown vs. Board of Education overturned Plessy by declaring that segreg