Which branch of Christianity was established in 1054 and is known for its separation from the political sphere?

The branch of Christianity established in 1054 that is known for its separation from the political sphere is the Orthodox Church. The date 1054 marks the Great Schism, which was a significant division between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Orthodox Church emphasizes a distinct theological and cultural heritage separate from the Western traditions and has developed a governance structure that is less intertwined with political authority compared to the Catholic Church, which historically has had a significant influence on political matters in various regions.

The Catholic Church, while being a direct result of early Christianity and playing a dominant role in European politics, has its roots in the same early Christian community and did not have a separation in governance style as pronounced as that of the Orthodox Church. The Protestant Church emerged later in the 16th century, primarily as a response to practices within the Catholic Church, further highlighting its distinct origins. Similarly, the Anglican Church originated in the 16th century as well, during the English Reformation. Therefore, the Orthodox Church is the correct answer, emphasizing its establishment and unique relationship with political authority at the time of the Great Schism.