When discussing government structures, Montesquieu's theory emphasizes what concept?

Montesquieu's theory prominently emphasizes the concept of separation of powers, which suggests that the best way to prevent tyranny and protect liberty is to divide government responsibilities among different branches. In his seminal work "The Spirit of the Laws," Montesquieu argued that governmental power should be divided into three branches: the legislative, the executive, and the judicial. Each branch serves as a check on the others, creating a system of checks and balances that helps ensure that no single entity gains excessive control over the government.

This theory has had a profound influence on modern democratic systems, particularly in the formation of the United States Constitution, which incorporates these principles to prevent abuse of power and protect individual rights. The separation of powers also allows for a more efficient government by enabling each branch to specialize and focus on its specific functions. Thus, Montesquieu's emphasis on this concept is foundational to contemporary understandings of governance and the protection of freedoms within a society.