What were the main resources traded by the Ghana, Mali, and Songhay empires?

The Ghana, Mali, and Songhay empires were renowned for their control over vital trade routes in West Africa, particularly during the medieval period. Gold and salt were the primary resources that drove their economies and facilitated trade across the Sahara Desert and beyond.

Gold was, without a doubt, the most sought-after resource, highly valued both locally and internationally. These empires were situated in regions abundant with gold, particularly in what is modern-day Mali, where the famous city of Timbuktu became a central hub for this precious metal. The wealth generated from gold allowed these empires to exert significant influence and power.

Salt was equally important, especially since it was a crucial commodity for preserving food before the advent of modern refrigeration. It was in high demand both in the Sahara and other parts of Africa where food preservation was necessary. The trans-Saharan trade routes made it possible for salt to be transported from places like the Sahara to areas in need of it, creating a symbiotic trading relationship, particularly between the northern and southern regions of the continent.

Overall, the trade of gold and salt not only contributed to the prosperity of these empires but also facilitated cultural exchanges and the spread of Islam, ultimately shaping the social and economic landscapes of West Africa during that era.