What was the main focus of the debate between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists?

The debate between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists primarily centered around the balance of power between a strong national government and the protection of individual rights. Federalists advocated for a robust federal government that they believed was necessary to maintain order, provide for the common defense, and regulate commerce effectively. They argued that a stronger national government was essential for unity and stability in the newly formed United States.

On the other hand, Anti-Federalists were concerned that a powerful national government might infringe upon the rights of individuals and states. They feared that the absence of a specific bill of rights would leave citizens vulnerable to tyranny and oppression by the federal government. This tension represented a fundamental conflict regarding how much power should be centralized in the federal government versus how much autonomy should be afforded to states and individuals.

While international trade agreements, the expansion of slavery, and the conduct of foreign wars were certainly relevant issues of the time, they were not the central focus of the Federalist and Anti-Federalist debate. Rather, the crux of their disagreement lay in the philosophical question of governing and protecting rights versus establishing a strong central authority.