What society is often identified as the first urban civilization developed in Mesopotamia?

Sumer is recognized as the first urban civilization developed in Mesopotamia due to its significant contributions to early human society, including the establishment of city-states, the invention of writing (cuneiform), and advances in agriculture and trade. The Sumerians built monumental architecture, such as ziggurats, and created a complex society with a distinct hierarchy, laws, and religious practices. Their innovations in various fields laid the foundation for subsequent civilizations in the region.

In contrast, Babylon, Assyria, and Hatti represent later societies that emerged after Sumer's initial development. While they made considerable contributions to culture and governance, they did not originate the urban concepts and structures that characterized Sumerian civilization.