What significant historical period involved transformation in the governance of England with Parliament gaining power over the monarchy?

The English Revolution, also known as the English Civil War and the Interregnum, was a pivotal historical period in which significant transformations in governance took place in England. During this time, the power of Parliament expanded notably, marking a shift from absolute monarchy toward a system where the monarchy's authority was limited by parliamentary law.

This period, occurring primarily in the 17th century, involved conflict between Parliamentarians (who sought increased legislative power) and Royalists (who supported King Charles I). The outcome of the Civil War, which concluded with the execution of Charles I and the establishment of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell, demonstrated Parliament's increasing assertiveness and its ability to challenge the monarchy directly.

The aftermath further solidified Parliament’s authority, particularly with the Glorious Revolution of 1688, which led to constitutional changes that ensured the supremacy of Parliament over the Crown, thereby laying the groundwork for modern British democracy. This historical context underscores why the English Revolution is the correct answer regarding the transformation of governance in England during this period.