What political change in Japan was characterized by a shift toward modernization and expansion?

The Meiji Restoration was a significant political change that marked Japan's transition from feudalism to a modern state. Initiated in 1868, it led to the restoration of the emperor's power after centuries of military government under the shoguns. This period was characterized by a strong drive towards modernization, which involved the adoption of Western technologies, administrative reforms, and social changes aimed at industrializing the nation.

The restoration was influenced by the desire to strengthen Japan against Western imperialism and to become an equal player on the global stage. Policies were introduced that focused on industrialization, the establishment of a public education system, and the creation of a modern military. As a result, Japan transformed into a major world power by the early 20th century, which included territorial expansion and increased participation in international affairs.

This focused shift toward modernization during the Meiji Restoration stands in contrast to the other options, which do not represent the same transformational and comprehensive approach to changing Japan's political landscape.