What major change occurred around 10,000 - 8,000 BCE that led to the development of permanent settlements?

The Neolithic Revolution marks a significant transition in human history that occurred around 10,000 to 8,000 BCE, characterized by the shift from nomadic lifestyles of hunting and gathering to more settled agricultural practices. This transformation allowed communities to cultivate plants and domesticate animals, which greatly improved food production. As a result, people were able to produce surplus food, leading to the establishment of permanent settlements.

With the reliability of food sources through farming, individuals could remain in one location instead of constantly moving in search of food. This stability was crucial for the development of villages and eventually complex societies. The establishment of these settlements laid the groundwork for further advancements in social structures, trade, and culture, all pivotal elements in the development of civilization.

Other concepts like urbanization and feudalism, while important in their own contexts, relate to later developments in societal structures post-Neolithic Revolution. The hunters and gatherers, on the other hand, represent the prior way of life that was transformed by the revolutionary changes introduced during this period. Thus, the Neolithic Revolution is distinctly recognized for initiating the major shift towards permanent habitation.