What is the process called where a court reviews the actions of a government official or entity?

The process of a court reviewing the actions of a government official or entity is known as Judicial Review. This concept is fundamental to the checks and balances inherent in a democratic government, allowing the judiciary to determine whether actions taken by other branches of government comply with the Constitution and laws. Through Judicial Review, courts have the authority to invalidate laws and executive actions that are found to be unconstitutional, thereby ensuring that no individual or group is above the law.

In contrast, Legislative Oversight refers to the power of the legislative branch to monitor and supervise government agencies and ensure they are adhering to the laws set by the legislature. Constitutional Review is a less commonly used term that often refers specifically to the examination of legislation or actions to ensure they conform to constitutional provisions, but it is not the standard term used for court actions. Administrative Review typically pertains to the review of decisions made by administrative agencies, focusing on judgments made regarding regulations and procedures rather than directly on the actions of government officials. Thus, Judicial Review is the most accurate and broadly recognized term for the court's examination of governmental actions.