What is the legal term for a court order that directs someone to either do something or refrain from doing something?

The legal term for a court order that directs someone to either do something or refrain from doing something is an injunction. An injunction can be categorized into two main types: a prohibitory injunction, which restrains a party from taking certain actions, and a mandatory injunction, which compels a party to perform a specific act. Courts typically issue injunctions to prevent harm or to maintain the status quo in legal disputes.

Other terms listed refer to different legal concepts. A subpoena is a document that orders an individual to appear in court or produce evidence; it does not itself compel action or restraint. An affidavit is a written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, used as evidence in legal proceedings, but it is not an enforceable order. Mandamus is a specific type of court order requesting a public authority or an official to perform a duty they are legally obliged to complete, but it is more focused on compelling action than on prohibiting certain behaviors. Thus, an injunction is the most accurate term for a court order that can both command action and prohibit actions.