What does the term 'Arms Race' refer to?

The term 'Arms Race' specifically refers to a competitive dynamic, typically between nations, where parties strive to amass a superior collection of weapons and military capabilities. This phenomena often emerges from escalating tensions or conflicts, leading countries to expand their arsenals to deter perceived threats or to maintain a balance of power.

The focus is primarily on military weapons and defense technologies, causing an increase in military spending and advancements in weaponry. As nations pursue greater military strength, this competition can raise the stakes of international relations, often contributing to global tension and instability.

Understanding this concept is crucial as it highlights the relationship between military buildup, security dilemmas, and international relations, particularly during the Cold War era where both sides engaged in extensive arms development in pursuit of deterrence.