What are the powers that are specifically granted to the national government called?

The powers specifically granted to the national government are referred to as enumerated powers. This terminology emphasizes the fact that these powers are explicitly listed in the Constitution, particularly in Article I, Section 8, which outlines specific responsibilities and authorities of Congress. These powers include the ability to tax, regulate commerce, maintain armed forces, and declare war, among others. The clarity of having these powers enumerated helps to define the scope of federal authority and ensures that they are understood as distinct from powers held by the states or people.

In contrast, concurrent powers are shared between state and national governments, such as the power to tax. Implied powers are not explicitly stated in the Constitution but are derived from the enumerated powers through necessary and proper clauses, allowing for flexibility in governance. Reserved powers belong strictly to the states, reflecting their rights to exercise governmental function in areas not specifically assigned to the national government. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for grasping the framework of federalism in the United States.