In which century did significant religious conflicts between Catholics and Protestants occur as part of the Religious Wars?

The significant religious conflicts between Catholics and Protestants, commonly referred to as the Religious Wars, primarily occurred during the 16th and 17th centuries, but the most intense and defining conflicts were in the 16th century. The Protestant Reformation, initiated by figures such as Martin Luther in the early 1500s, led to widespread religious upheaval. This period saw a series of wars and conflicts throughout Europe, including the French Wars of Religion and the Thirty Years' War, which primarily spanned the early 17th century.

While the 17th century included notable conflicts, the foundation and most initial conflicts arose in the 16th century. Additionally, aspects of the Reformation continued to influence religious conflicts into the beginning of the 17th century. Therefore, the correct context for significant religious conflicts can be attributed mostly to the 16th century.